| olibanum | (noun) an aromatic gum resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; formerly valued for worship and for embalming and fumigation | Synonyms: frankincense, gum olibanum, thus |
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| oligarch | (noun) one of the rulers in an oligarchy | - |
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| oligarchic | (adjective) of or relating to or supporting or characteristic of an oligarchy | Synonyms: oligarchical |
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| oligarchical | (adjective) of or relating to or supporting or characteristic of an oligarchy | Synonyms: oligarchic |
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| oligarchy | (noun) a political system governed by a few people | - |
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| oligo | (noun) (biochemistry) a polynucleotide whose molecules contain relatively few nucleotides | Synonyms: oligonucleotide |
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| oligochaete | (noun) hermaphroditic terrestrial and aquatic annelids having bristles borne singly along the length of the body | Synonyms: oligochaete worm |
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| oligoclase | (noun) any of a series of triclinic feldspars that form rocks | Synonyms: plagioclase |
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| oligodactyly | (noun) congenital condition in which some fingers or toes are missing | - |
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| oligodendria | (noun) tissue consisting of glial cells with sheetlike processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers | Synonyms: oligodendroglia |
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| oligodendrocyte | (noun) a cell of the oligodendroglia | - |
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| oligodendroglia | (noun) tissue consisting of glial cells with sheetlike processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers | Synonyms: oligodendria |
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| oligodontia | (noun) congenital condition in which some of the teeth are missing | - |
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| oligomenorrhea | (noun) abnormally light or infrequent menstruation | - |
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| oligonucleotide | (noun) (biochemistry) a polynucleotide whose molecules contain relatively few nucleotides | Synonyms: oligo |
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| oligopoly | (noun) (economics) a market in which control over the supply of a commodity is in the hands of a small number of producers and each one can influence prices and affect competitors | - |
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| oligosaccharide | (noun) any of the carbohydrates that yield only a few monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis | - |
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| oligospermia | (noun) insufficient spermatozoa in the semen | - |
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| oliguria | (noun) production of an abnormally small amount of urine | - |
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| (noun) abnormally small production of urine; can be a symptom of kidney disease or obstruction of the urinary tract or edema or an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes in the body | - |
| olive | (adjective) of a yellow-green color similar to that of an unripe olive | - |
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| (noun) a yellow-green color of low brightness and saturation | - |
| (noun) one-seeded fruit of the European olive tree usually pickled and used as a relish | - |
| (noun) evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black fruits | Synonyms: European olive tree, Olea europaea |
| (noun) small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil | - |
| (noun) hard yellow often variegated wood of an olive tree; used in cabinetwork | - |
| olivelike | (adjective) resembling an olive | Synonyms: olive-like |
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| olivenite | (noun) rare green to black mineral consisting of hydrated copper arsenate that is found in copper deposits | - |
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| olivine | (noun) a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium | - |
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