| preoperative | (adjective) happening or done before and in preparation for a surgical operation | - |
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| preparation | (noun) activity leading to skilled behavior | Synonyms: grooming, training |
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| (noun) preparatory school work done outside school (especially at home) | Synonyms: prep |
| (noun) the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose | Synonyms: readying |
| (noun) the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat | Synonyms: cookery, cooking |
| (noun) the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening | Synonyms: planning, provision |
| (noun) (music) a note that produces a dissonant chord is first heard in a consonant chord | - |
| (noun) the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action) | Synonyms: preparedness, readiness |
| (noun) a substance prepared according to a formula | Synonyms: formulation |
| preparative | (adjective) preceding and preparing for something | Synonyms: preparatory, propaedeutic |
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| preponderating | (adjective) having superior power and influence | Synonyms: overriding, paramount, predominant, predominate, preponderant |
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| presocratic | (adjective) before the time of Socrates | Synonyms: pre-Socratic |
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| proliferation | (noun) growth by the rapid multiplication of parts | - |
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| (noun) a rapid increase in number (especially a rapid increase in the number of deadly weapons) | - |
| proration | (noun) the proportional limitation of production or distribution of something (e.g. crude oil or natural gas) to some fractional part of the total capacity of each producer | - |
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| prostration | (noun) the act of assuming a prostrate position | - |
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| (noun) abject submission; the emotional equivalent of prostrating your body | - |
| (noun) an abrupt failure of function or complete physical exhaustion | Synonyms: collapse |
| quadratic | (adjective) involving the second and no higher power of a quantity or degree | - |
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| (noun) a polynomial of the second degree | Synonyms: quadratic polynomial |
| (noun) an equation in which the highest power of an unknown quantity is a square | Synonyms: quadratic equation |
| quadratics | (noun) a branch of algebra dealing with quadratic equations | - |
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| ratification | (noun) making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it | Synonyms: confirmation |
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| ratified | (adjective) formally approved and invested with legal authority | Synonyms: sanctioned |
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| ratifier | (noun) someone who expresses strong approval | Synonyms: endorser, indorser, subscriber |
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| ratify | (verb) approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation | Synonyms: sign |
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| rating | (noun) act of ascertaining or fixing the value or worth of | Synonyms: evaluation |
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| (noun) an appraisal of the value of something | Synonyms: evaluation, valuation |
| (noun) standing or position on a scale | - |
| (noun) rank in a military organization | Synonyms: military rank, military rating, paygrade |
| ratio | (noun) the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree | Synonyms: proportion |
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| (noun) the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient) | - |
| ratiocinate | (verb) reason methodologically and logically | - |
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| ratiocination | (noun) logical and methodical reasoning | - |
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| (noun) the proposition arrived at by logical reasoning (such as the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism) | Synonyms: conclusion |
| ratiocinative | (adjective) based on exact thinking | - |
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| ratiocinator | (noun) someone who reasons logically | Synonyms: reasoner |
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| ration | (noun) the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel) | - |
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| (noun) a fixed portion that is allotted (especially in times of scarcity) | - |
| (verb) distribute in rations, as in the army | Synonyms: ration out |
| (verb) restrict the consumption of a relatively scarce commodity, as during war | - |
| rational | (adjective) consistent with or based on or using reason | - |
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| (adjective) capable of being expressed as a quotient of integers | - |
| (adjective) having its source in or being guided by the intellect (as distinguished from experience or emotion) | - |
| (adjective) of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind | Synonyms: intellectual, noetic |
| (noun) an integer or a fraction | Synonyms: rational number |
| rationale | (noun) (law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature) | Synonyms: principle |
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| rationalisation | (noun) systematic organization; the act of organizing something according to a system or a rationale | Synonyms: rationalization, systematisation, systematization |
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| (noun) (mathematics) the simplification of an expression or equation by eliminating radicals without changing the value of the expression or the roots of the equation | Synonyms: rationalization |
| (noun) the organization of a business according to scientific principles of management in order to increase efficiency | Synonyms: rationalization |
| (noun) the cognitive process of making something seem consistent with or based on reason | Synonyms: rationalization |
| (noun) (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your true motivation is concealed by explaining your actions and feelings in a way that is not threatening | Synonyms: rationalization |
| rationalise | (verb) weed out unwanted or unnecessary things | Synonyms: cut, prune, rationalize |
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| (verb) remove irrational quantities from | Synonyms: rationalize |
| (verb) think rationally; employ logic or reason | Synonyms: rationalize |
| (verb) defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by reasoning | Synonyms: apologise, apologize, excuse, rationalize |
| (verb) structure and run according to rational or scientific principles in order to achieve desired results | Synonyms: rationalize |
| rationalism | (noun) the doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct | Synonyms: freethinking |
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| (noun) (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience | - |
| (noun) the theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth | - |
| rationalist | (adjective) of or relating to or characteristic of rationalism | - |
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| (noun) someone who emphasizes observable facts and excludes metaphysical speculation about origins or ultimate causes | Synonyms: positivist |
| rationalistic | (adjective) of or relating to the philosophical doctrine of rationalism | - |
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| rationality | (noun) the quality of being consistent with or based on logic | Synonyms: rationalness |
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| (noun) the state of having good sense and sound judgment | Synonyms: reason, reasonableness |
| rationalization | (noun) systematic organization; the act of organizing something according to a system or a rationale | Synonyms: rationalisation, systematisation, systematization |
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| (noun) (mathematics) the simplification of an expression or equation by eliminating radicals without changing the value of the expression or the roots of the equation | Synonyms: rationalisation |
| (noun) the organization of a business according to scientific principles of management in order to increase efficiency | Synonyms: rationalisation |
| (noun) the cognitive process of making something seem consistent with or based on reason | Synonyms: rationalisation |
| (noun) (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your true motivation is concealed by explaining your actions and feelings in a way that is not threatening | Synonyms: rationalisation |
| rationalize | (verb) weed out unwanted or unnecessary things | Synonyms: cut, prune, rationalise |
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| (verb) remove irrational quantities from | Synonyms: rationalise |
| (verb) think rationally; employ logic or reason | Synonyms: rationalise |
| (verb) defend, explain, clear away, or make excuses for by reasoning | Synonyms: apologise, apologize, excuse, rationalise |
| (verb) structure and run according to rational or scientific principles in order to achieve desired results | Synonyms: rationalise |
| rationally | (adverb) in a rational manner | - |
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| rationalness | (noun) the quality of being consistent with or based on logic | Synonyms: rationality |
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| rationed | (adjective) distributed equitably in limited individual portions | - |
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| rationing | (noun) the act of rationing | - |
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| ratite | (noun) flightless birds having flat breastbones lacking a keel for attachment of flight muscles: ostriches, cassowaries, emus, moas, rheas, kiwis, elephant birds | Synonyms: flightless bird, ratite bird |
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| reconsideration | (noun) thinking again about a choice previously made | Synonyms: afterthought, rethink, second thought |
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| (noun) a consideration of a topic (as in a meeting) with a view to changing an earlier decision | - |
| recuperation | (noun) gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury | Synonyms: convalescence, recovery |
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| recuperative | (adjective) promoting recuperation | Synonyms: restorative |
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| refrigerating | (adjective) causing cooling or freezing | Synonyms: refrigerant |
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| refrigeration | (noun) deliberately lowering the body's temperature for therapeutic purposes | - |
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| (noun) the process of cooling or freezing (e.g., food) for preservative purposes | Synonyms: infrigidation |
| regenerating | (adjective) that are generating anew | - |
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| regeneration | (noun) the activity of spiritual or physical renewal | - |
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| (noun) forming again (especially with improvements or removal of defects); renewing and reconstituting | Synonyms: re-formation |
| (noun) (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs | - |
| (noun) feedback in phase with (augmenting) the input | Synonyms: positive feedback |
| registration | (noun) the act of enrolling | Synonyms: enrollment, enrolment |
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| (noun) the act of adjusting something to match a standard | Synonyms: adjustment, readjustment |
| (noun) (music) the sound property resulting from a combination of organ stops used to perform a particular piece of music; the technique of selecting and adjusting organ stops | - |
| (noun) a document certifying an act of registering | - |
| (noun) the body of people (such as students) who register or enroll at the same time | Synonyms: enrollment |
| reiteration | (noun) the act of repeating over and again (or an instance thereof) | Synonyms: reduplication |
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| reiterative | (adjective) marked by iteration | Synonyms: iterative |
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| remonstration | (noun) the act of expressing earnest opposition or protest | Synonyms: expostulation, objection, remonstrance |
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| remuneration | (noun) the act of paying for goods or services or to recompense for losses | - |
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| (noun) something that remunerates | Synonyms: earnings, pay, salary, wage |
| remunerative | (adjective) for which money is paid | Synonyms: compensable, paying, salaried, stipendiary |
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| (adjective) producing a sizeable profit | Synonyms: lucrative, moneymaking |
| reparation | (noun) something done or paid in expiation of a wrong | Synonyms: amends |
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| (noun) the act of putting something in working order again | Synonyms: fix, fixing, fixture, mend, mending, repair |
| (noun) (usually plural) compensation exacted from a defeated nation by the victors | - |
| (noun) compensation (given or received) for an insult or injury | - |
| respiration | (noun) the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules; processes that take place in the cells and tissues during which energy is released and carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed by the blood to be transported to the lungs | Synonyms: cellular respiration, internal respiration |
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| (noun) the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation | Synonyms: breathing, external respiration, ventilation |
| (noun) a single complete act of breathing in and out | - |
| restoration | (noun) the act of restoring something or someone to a satisfactory state | - |
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| (noun) getting something back again | Synonyms: regaining, restitution, return |
| (noun) some artifact that has been restored or reconstructed | - |
| (noun) a model that represents the landscape of a former geological age or that represents and extinct animal etc. | - |
| (noun) the state of being restored to its former good condition | Synonyms: refurbishment, renovation |
| restorative | (adjective) promoting recuperation | Synonyms: recuperative |
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| (adjective) tending to impart new life and vigor to | Synonyms: renewing, revitalising, revitalizing, reviving |
| (noun) a device for treating injury or disease | Synonyms: corrective |
| (noun) a medicine that strengthens and invigorates | Synonyms: tonic |
| reverberating | (adjective) characterized by resonance | Synonyms: resonant, resonating, resounding, reverberative |
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| reverberation | (noun) the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves | Synonyms: echo, replication, sound reflection |
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| (noun) a remote or indirect consequence of some action | Synonyms: repercussion |
| reverberative | (adjective) characterized by resonance | Synonyms: resonant, resonating, resounding, reverberating |
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| saturation | (noun) the act of soaking thoroughly with a liquid | - |
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| (noun) chromatic purity: freedom from dilution with white and hence vivid in hue | Synonyms: chroma, intensity, vividness |
| (noun) the process of totally saturating something with a substance | Synonyms: impregnation |
| (noun) a condition in which a quantity no longer responds to some external influence | - |
| separation | (noun) the social act of separating or parting company | - |
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| (noun) the act of dividing or disconnecting | - |
| (noun) (law) the cessation of cohabitation of man and wife (either by mutual agreement or under a court order) | Synonyms: legal separation |
| (noun) sorting one thing from others | - |
| (noun) the distance between things | Synonyms: interval |
| (noun) coming apart | Synonyms: breakup, detachment |
| (noun) the termination of employment (by resignation or dismissal) | - |
| (noun) the space where a division or parting occurs | - |
| (noun) the state of lacking unity | - |
| separationism | (noun) advocacy of a policy of strict separation of church and state | Synonyms: separatism |
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| separationist | (noun) an advocate of secession or separation from a larger group (such as an established church or a national union) | Synonyms: separatist |
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| separatism | (noun) advocacy of a policy of strict separation of church and state | Synonyms: separationism |
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| (noun) a disposition toward schism and secession from a larger group; the principles and practices of separatists | - |
| (noun) a social system that provides separate facilities for minority groups | Synonyms: segregation |
| separatist | (adjective) having separated or advocating separation from another entity or policy or attitude | Synonyms: breakaway, fissiparous |
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| (noun) an advocate of secession or separation from a larger group (such as an established church or a national union) | Synonyms: separationist |
| separative | (adjective) (of a word) referring singly and without exception to the members of a group | - |
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| (adjective) serving to separate or divide into parts | Synonyms: partitive |
| (adjective) (used of an accent in Hebrew orthography) indicating that the word marked is separated to a greater or lesser degree rhythmically and grammatically from the word that follows it | - |
| sequestration | (noun) the act of segregating or sequestering | Synonyms: segregation |
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| (noun) seizing property that belongs to someone else and holding it until profits pay the demand for which it was seized | Synonyms: requisition |
| (noun) a writ that authorizes the seizure of property | - |
| (noun) the action of forming a chelate or other stable compound with an ion or atom or molecule so that it is no longer available for reactions | - |
| serration | (noun) a single notch in a row of notches | - |
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| (noun) a row of notches | - |
| (noun) the condition of being serrated | - |
| stratification | (noun) the act or process or arranging persons into classes or social strata | - |
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| (noun) the placing of seeds in damp sand or sawdust or peat moss in order to preserve them or promote germination | - |
| (noun) a layered configuration | - |
| (noun) forming or depositing in layers | - |
| (noun) the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes within a group | Synonyms: social stratification |
| stratified | (adjective) deposited or arranged in horizontal layers | Synonyms: bedded |
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| (adjective) (used of society) socially hierarchical | Synonyms: class-conscious |
| (adjective) arranged in a sequence of grades or ranks | Synonyms: graded, ranked |
| stratify | (verb) render fertile and preserve by placing between layers of earth or sand | - |
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| (verb) form layers or strata | - |
| (verb) form, arrange, or deposit in layers | - |
| (verb) divide society into social classes or castes | - |
| (verb) develop different social levels, classes, or castes | - |
| stratigraphy | (noun) the branch of geology that studies the arrangement and succession of strata | - |
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| suppuration | (noun) a fluid product of inflammation | Synonyms: festering, ichor, purulence, pus, sanies |
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| (noun) (medicine) the formation of morbific matter in an abscess or a vesicle and the discharge of pus | Synonyms: festering, maturation |
| suppurative | (adjective) relating to or characterized by suppuration | - |
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| suspiration | (noun) an utterance made by exhaling audibly | Synonyms: sigh |
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| susurration | (noun) speaking softly without vibration of the vocal cords | Synonyms: voicelessness, whisper, whispering |
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| (noun) the indistinct sound of people whispering | Synonyms: susurrus |
| theocratic | (adjective) of or relating to or being a theocracy | - |
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| titration | (noun) a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete; the concentration of the unknown solution (the titer) can then be calculated | - |
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| toleration | (noun) official recognition of the right of individuals to hold dissenting opinions (especially in religion) | - |
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| (noun) a disposition to tolerate or accept people or situations | Synonyms: acceptance, sufferance |
| transfiguration | (noun) the act of transforming so as to exalt or glorify | - |
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| (noun) a striking change in appearance or character or circumstances | Synonyms: metamorphosis |
| transliteration | (noun) a transcription from one alphabet to another | - |
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| transmigration | (noun) the passing of a soul into another body after death | - |
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| transpiration | (noun) the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants | - |
|---|
| (noun) the passage of gases through fine tubes because of differences in pressure or temperature | - |
| (noun) the process of giving off or exhaling water vapor through the skin or mucous membranes | - |
| ulceration | (noun) the process of ulcer formation; the process of becoming ulcerated | - |
|---|
| (noun) a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue | Synonyms: ulcer |
| ulcerative | (adjective) of or relating to or characterized by ulceration | - |
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| uncooperative | (adjective) unwilling to cooperate | - |
|---|
| (adjective) intentionally unaccommodating | Synonyms: disobliging |
| undemocratic | (adjective) not in agreement with or according to democratic doctrine or practice or ideals | - |
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| undemocratically | (adverb) in an undemocratic manner | - |
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| undemonstrative | (adjective) not given to open expression of emotion | - |
|---|
| underrating | (noun) an estimation that is too low; an estimate that is less than the true or actual value | Synonyms: underestimate, underestimation, underreckoning |
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| unexplorative | (adjective) not exploratory | Synonyms: nonexplorative, nonexploratory, unexploratory |
|---|
| ungratified | (adjective) worried and uneasy | Synonyms: restless, unsatisfied |
|---|
| ungratifying | (adjective) not likely to be rewarded | Synonyms: thankless, unappreciated |
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| unratified | (adjective) lacking legal authority | - |
|---|
| unremunerative | (adjective) not yielding profit or recompense | - |
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| unstratified | (adjective) not deposited in layers | - |
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| venerating | (adjective) feeling or manifesting veneration | Synonyms: respectful, reverential |
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| veneration | (noun) religious zeal; the willingness to serve God | Synonyms: cultism, devotion |
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| (noun) a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | Synonyms: awe, fear, reverence |
| vibration | (noun) the act of vibrating | Synonyms: quiver, quivering |
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| (noun) a distinctive emotional aura experienced instinctively | Synonyms: vibe |
| (noun) (physics) a regular periodic variation in value about a mean | Synonyms: oscillation |
| (noun) a shaky motion | Synonyms: palpitation, quiver, quivering, shakiness, shaking, trembling |
| vibrational | (adjective) of or relating to or characterized by vibration | - |
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| vituperation | (noun) abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will | Synonyms: invective, vitriol |
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| vituperative | (adjective) marked by harshly abusive criticism | Synonyms: scathing |
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| vociferation | (noun) a loud utterance; often in protest or opposition | Synonyms: call, cry, outcry, shout, yell |
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