| redundancy | (noun) repetition of an act needlessly | - |
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| (noun) the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded | Synonyms: redundance |
| (noun) (electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component fails | - |
| (noun) repetition of messages to reduce the probability of errors in transmission | - |
| reduplication | (noun) the act of repeating over and again (or an instance thereof) | Synonyms: reiteration |
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| (noun) a word formed by or containing a repeated syllable or speech sound (usually at the beginning of the word) | - |
| (noun) the syllable added in a reduplicated word form | - |
| (noun) repetition of the final words of a sentence or line at the beginning of the next | Synonyms: anadiplosis |
| reduviid | (noun) a true bug: long-legged predacious bug living mostly on other insects; a few suck blood of mammals | Synonyms: assassin bug |
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| redwing | (noun) small European thrush having reddish flanks | Synonyms: Turdus iliacus |
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| (noun) North American blackbird with scarlet patches on the wings | Synonyms: Agelaius phoeniceus, red-winged blackbird |
| redwood | (noun) the soft reddish wood of either of two species of sequoia trees | - |
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| (noun) either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae | Synonyms: sequoia |
| (noun) wood of either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae | Synonyms: sequoia |
| reed | (noun) a musical instrument that sounds by means of a vibrating reed | Synonyms: beating-reed instrument, reed instrument |
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| (noun) a vibrator consisting of a thin strip of stiff material that vibrates to produce a tone when air streams over it | Synonyms: vibrating reed |
| (noun) tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites | - |
| reedbird | (noun) migratory American songbird | Synonyms: bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus, ricebird |
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| (noun) small European warbler that breeds among reeds and wedges and winters in Africa | Synonyms: Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, sedge bird, sedge warbler, sedge wren |
| reedmace | (noun) tall marsh plant with cylindrical seed heads that explode when mature shedding large quantities of down; its long flat leaves are used for making mats and chair seats; of North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa | Synonyms: bullrush, bulrush, cat's-tail, nailrod, reed mace, Typha latifolia |
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| reef | (noun) one of several strips across a sail that can be taken in or rolled up to lessen the area of the sail that is exposed to the wind | - |
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| (noun) a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water | - |
| reefer | (noun) marijuana leaves rolled into a cigarette for smoking | Synonyms: joint, marijuana cigarette, spliff, stick |
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| reek | (noun) a distinctive odor that is offensively unpleasant | Synonyms: fetor, foetor, malodor, malodour, mephitis, stench, stink |
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| reel | (noun) a lively dance of Scottish Highlanders; marked by circular moves and gliding steps | Synonyms: Scottish reel |
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| (noun) an American country dance which starts with the couples facing each other in two lines | Synonyms: Virginia reel |
| (noun) a winder around which thread or tape or film or other flexible materials can be wound | Synonyms: bobbin, spool |
| (noun) winder consisting of a revolving spool with a handle; attached to a fishing rod | - |
| (noun) a roll of photographic film holding a series of frames to be projected by a movie projector | - |
| (noun) music composed for dancing a reel | - |
| reelection | (noun) election again | - |
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| reeler | (noun) a dancer of reels | - |
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| (noun) someone who walks unsteadily as if about to fall | Synonyms: staggerer, totterer |
| reenactment | (noun) performing a role in an event that occurred at an earlier time | - |
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| reenactor | (noun) a person who enacts a role in an event that occurred earlier | - |
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| reenforcement | (noun) a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | Synonyms: reinforcement, support |
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| (noun) information that makes more forcible or convincing | Synonyms: reinforcement |
| reenlistment | (noun) a renewed enlistment | - |
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| reentry | (noun) the act of entering again | - |
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| reevaluation | (noun) the evaluation of something a second time (or more) | - |
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| reeve | (noun) female ruff | - |
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| reexamination | (noun) a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment | Synonyms: follow-up, followup, review |
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| (noun) (law) questioning of a witness by the party that called the witness after that witness has been subject to cross-examination | Synonyms: redirect examination |
| ref | (noun) (sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play | Synonyms: referee |
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| refabrication | (noun) assembling again | Synonyms: reassembly |
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| refection | (noun) a light meal or repast | - |
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| refectory | (noun) a communal dining-hall (usually in a monastery) | - |
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| referee | (noun) (sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play | Synonyms: ref |
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| (noun) someone who reads manuscripts and judges their suitability for publication | Synonyms: reader, reviewer |
| (noun) an attorney appointed by a court to investigate and report on a case | - |
| refereeing | (noun) the act of umpiring | Synonyms: officiating, officiation, umpirage |
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| reference | (noun) the act of referring or consulting | Synonyms: consultation |
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| (noun) the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to | Synonyms: denotation, extension |
| (noun) the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to | - |
| (noun) a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability | Synonyms: character, character reference |
| (noun) a remark that calls attention to something or someone | Synonyms: mention |
| (noun) a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage | Synonyms: acknowledgment, citation, cite, credit, mention, quotation |
| (noun) a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts | Synonyms: book of facts, reference book, reference work |
| (noun) an indicator that orients you generally | Synonyms: point of reference, reference point |
| (noun) a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to | Synonyms: source |
| (noun) (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored | Synonyms: address, computer address |
| referendum | (noun) a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate | - |
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| referent | (noun) something referred to; the object of a reference | - |
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| (noun) the first term in a proposition; the term to which other terms relate | - |
| (noun) something that refers; a term that refers to another term | - |
| referral | (noun) the act of referring (as forwarding an applicant for employment or referring a matter to an appropriate agency) | - |
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| (noun) a recommendation to consult the (professional) person or group to whom one has been referred | - |
| (noun) a person whose case has been referred to a specialist or professional group | - |
| refill | (noun) a commercial product that refills a container with its appropriate contents | - |
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| (noun) a prescription drug that is provided again | - |
| refilling | (noun) filling again by supplying what has been used up | Synonyms: renewal, replacement, replenishment |
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| refinement | (noun) the quality of excellence in thought and manners and taste | Synonyms: civilisation, civilization |
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| (noun) a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude | Synonyms: nicety, nuance, shade, subtlety |
| (noun) the result of improving something | Synonyms: elaboration |
| (noun) the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.) | Synonyms: purification, refining |
| (noun) a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality | Synonyms: cultivation, culture, finish, polish |
| refiner | (noun) one whose work is to refine a specific thing | - |
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| refinery | (noun) an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance | - |
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| refining | (noun) the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.) | Synonyms: purification, refinement |
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| refinisher | (noun) a skilled worker who is employed to restore or refinish buildings or antique furniture | Synonyms: preserver, renovator, restorer |
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| refit | (noun) outfitting a ship again (by repairing or replacing parts) | - |
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| reflation | (noun) inflation of currency after a period of deflation; restore the system to a previous state | - |
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| reflectance | (noun) the fraction of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface | Synonyms: coefficient of reflection, reflection factor, reflectivity |
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| reflection | (noun) the image of something as reflected by a mirror (or other reflective material) | Synonyms: reflexion |
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| (noun) the ability to reflect beams or rays | Synonyms: reflectivity, reflexion |
| (noun) a likeness in which left and right are reversed | Synonyms: mirror image, reflexion |
| (noun) a calm, lengthy, intent consideration | Synonyms: contemplation, musing, reflexion, rumination, thoughtfulness |
| (noun) a remark expressing careful consideration | Synonyms: observation, reflexion |
| (noun) expression without words | Synonyms: expression, manifestation, reflexion |
| (noun) the phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface | Synonyms: reflexion |
| (noun) (mathematics) a transformation in which the direction of one axis is reversed | - |
| reflectiveness | (noun) the capability of quiet thought or contemplation | Synonyms: reflectivity |
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| reflectivity | (noun) the ability to reflect beams or rays | Synonyms: reflection, reflexion |
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| (noun) the capability of quiet thought or contemplation | Synonyms: reflectiveness |
| (noun) the fraction of radiant energy that is reflected from a surface | Synonyms: coefficient of reflection, reflectance, reflection factor |
| reflectometer | (noun) a meter that measures the reflectance of a surface | - |
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| reflector | (noun) device that reflects radiation | - |
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| (noun) optical telescope consisting of a large concave mirror that produces an image that is magnified by the eyepiece | Synonyms: reflecting telescope |
| reflex | (noun) an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus | Synonyms: inborn reflex, innate reflex, instinctive reflex, physiological reaction, reflex action, reflex response, unconditioned reflex |
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| reflexion | (noun) the image of something as reflected by a mirror (or other reflective material) | Synonyms: reflection |
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| (noun) the ability to reflect beams or rays | Synonyms: reflection, reflectivity |
| (noun) a likeness in which left and right are reversed | Synonyms: mirror image, reflection |
| (noun) a calm, lengthy, intent consideration | Synonyms: contemplation, musing, reflection, rumination, thoughtfulness |
| (noun) a remark expressing careful consideration | Synonyms: observation, reflection |
| (noun) expression without words | Synonyms: expression, manifestation, reflection |
| (noun) the phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface | Synonyms: reflection |
| reflexive | (noun) a personal pronoun compounded with -self to show the agent's action affects the agent | Synonyms: reflexive pronoun |
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| reflexiveness | (noun) the coreferential relation between a reflexive pronoun and its antecedent | Synonyms: reflexivity |
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| (noun) (logic and mathematics) a relation such that it holds between an element and itself | Synonyms: reflexivity |
| reflexivity | (noun) the coreferential relation between a reflexive pronoun and its antecedent | Synonyms: reflexiveness |
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| (noun) (logic and mathematics) a relation such that it holds between an element and itself | Synonyms: reflexiveness |
| reflexology | (noun) massage to relieve tension by finger pressure; based on the belief that there are reflex points on the feet, hands, and head that are connected to every part of the body | - |
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| (noun) the study of reflex action as it relates to the behavior of organisms | - |
| reflux | (noun) the outward flow of the tide | Synonyms: ebb |
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| (noun) an abnormal backward flow of body fluids | - |
| refocusing | (noun) focusing again | - |
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| reforestation | (noun) the restoration (replanting) of a forest that had been reduced by fire or cutting | Synonyms: re-afforestation |
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| reform | (noun) a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses | - |
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| (noun) a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices | - |
| (noun) self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice | - |
| reformation | (noun) rescuing from error and returning to a rightful course | Synonyms: reclamation |
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| (noun) improvement (or an intended improvement) in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices etc.; intended to make a striking change for the better in social or political or religious affairs | - |
| reformatory | (noun) correctional institution for the detention and discipline and training of young or first offenders | Synonyms: reform school, training school |
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| reformer | (noun) an apparatus that reforms the molecular structure of hydrocarbons to produce richer fuel | - |
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| (noun) a disputant who advocates reform | Synonyms: crusader, meliorist, reformist, social reformer |
| reformism | (noun) a doctrine of reform | - |
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| reformist | (noun) a disputant who advocates reform | Synonyms: crusader, meliorist, reformer, social reformer |
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| refraction | (noun) the amount by which a propagating wave is bent | Synonyms: deflection, deflexion |
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| (noun) the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another | - |
| refractiveness | (noun) the physical property of a medium as determined by its index of refraction | Synonyms: refractivity |
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| refractivity | (noun) the physical property of a medium as determined by its index of refraction | Synonyms: refractiveness |
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| refractometer | (noun) measuring instrument for measuring the refractive index of a substance | - |
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| refractoriness | (noun) the trait of being unmanageable | Synonyms: recalcitrance, recalcitrancy, unmanageableness |
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| refractory | (noun) lining consisting of material with a high melting point; used to line the inside walls of a furnace | Synonyms: furnace lining |
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| refrain | (noun) the part of a song where a soloist is joined by a group of singers | Synonyms: chorus |
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| refresher | (noun) a course that reviews and updates a topic for those who have not kept abreast of developments | Synonyms: refresher course |
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| (noun) a drink that refreshes | - |
| (noun) a fee (in addition to that marked on the brief) paid to counsel in a case that lasts more than one day | - |
| refreshment | (noun) activity that refreshes and recreates; activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation | Synonyms: recreation |
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| (noun) snacks and drinks served as a light meal | - |
| refrigerant | (noun) any substance used to provide cooling (as in a refrigerator) | - |
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| refrigeration | (noun) deliberately lowering the body's temperature for therapeutic purposes | - |
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| (noun) the process of cooling or freezing (e.g., food) for preservative purposes | Synonyms: infrigidation |
| refrigerator | (noun) white goods in which food can be stored at low temperatures | Synonyms: icebox |
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| refueling | (noun) the activity of supplying or taking on fuel | Synonyms: fueling, fuelling |
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| refuge | (noun) act of turning to for assistance | Synonyms: recourse, resort |
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| (noun) a shelter from danger or hardship | Synonyms: asylum, sanctuary |
| (noun) something or someone turned to for assistance or security | Synonyms: recourse, resort |
| (noun) a safe place | Synonyms: safety |
| refugee | (noun) an exile who flees for safety | - |
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| refulgence | (noun) the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light | Synonyms: effulgence, radiance, radiancy, refulgency, shine |
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| refulgency | (noun) the quality of being bright and sending out rays of light | Synonyms: effulgence, radiance, radiancy, refulgence, shine |
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| refund | (noun) the act of returning money received previously | Synonyms: repayment |
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| (noun) money returned to a payer | - |
| refurbishment | (noun) the state of being restored to its former good condition | Synonyms: renovation, restoration |
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| refusal | (noun) a message refusing to accept something that is offered | - |
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| (noun) the act of refusing | - |
| refuse | (noun) food that is discarded (as from a kitchen) | Synonyms: food waste, garbage, scraps |
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| refutal | (noun) the act of determining that something is false | Synonyms: disproof, falsification, falsifying, refutation |
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| refutation | (noun) the act of determining that something is false | Synonyms: disproof, falsification, falsifying, refutal |
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| (noun) any evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something | Synonyms: disproof, falsification |
| (noun) the speech act of answering an attack on your assertions | Synonyms: defence, defense |
| refuter | (noun) a debater who refutes or disproves by offering contrary evidence or argument | Synonyms: confuter, disprover, rebutter |
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| regaining | (noun) getting something back again | Synonyms: restitution, restoration, return |
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| regalia | (noun) paraphernalia indicative of royalty (or other high office) | - |
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| (noun) especially fine or decorative clothing | Synonyms: array, raiment |
| regard | (noun) a long fixed look | Synonyms: gaze |
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| (noun) (usually preceded by `in') a detail or point | Synonyms: respect |
| (noun) paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people) | Synonyms: attentiveness, heed, paying attention |
| (noun) an attitude of admiration or esteem | Synonyms: esteem, respect |
| (noun) (usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare | Synonyms: compliments, wish |
| (noun) a feeling of friendship and esteem | Synonyms: respect |
| (noun) the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded) | Synonyms: esteem, respect |
| regatta | (noun) a meeting for boat races | - |
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| regency | (noun) the office of a regent | - |
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| (noun) the period of time during which a regent governs | - |
| regeneration | (noun) the activity of spiritual or physical renewal | - |
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| (noun) forming again (especially with improvements or removal of defects); renewing and reconstituting | Synonyms: re-formation |
| (noun) (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs | - |
| (noun) feedback in phase with (augmenting) the input | Synonyms: positive feedback |
| regent | (noun) someone who rules during the absence or incapacity or minority of the country's monarch | - |
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| (noun) members of a governing board | Synonyms: trustee |
| regest | (noun) (archaic, obsolete) A register. | - |
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| reggae | (noun) popular music originating in the West Indies; repetitive bass riffs and regular chords played on the off beat by a guitar | - |
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| regicide | (noun) the act of killing a king | - |
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| (noun) someone who commits regicide; the killer of a king | - |
| regime | (noun) (medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet) | Synonyms: regimen |
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| (noun) the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | Synonyms: authorities, government |
| regimen | (noun) (medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet) | Synonyms: regime |
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| regiment | (noun) army unit smaller than a division, which can be divided into several companies, squadrons, or batteries and often into two battalions. | - |
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| regimentals | (noun) the military uniform and insignia of a regiment | - |
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