| aftereffect | (noun) any result that follows its cause after an interval | - |
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| (noun) a delayed effect of a drug or therapy | - |
| areflexia | (noun) absence of a reflex; a sign of possible nerve damage | - |
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| barefaced | (adjective) with no effort to conceal | Synonyms: bald |
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| (adjective) unrestrained by convention or propriety | Synonyms: audacious, bald-faced, bodacious, brassy, brazen-faced, brazen, insolent |
| barefacedly | (adverb) without shame | Synonyms: shamelessly, unashamedly |
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| barefoot | (adjective) without shoes | Synonyms: barefooted, shoeless |
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| (adverb) without shoes on | Synonyms: barefooted |
| barefooted | (adjective) without shoes | Synonyms: barefoot, shoeless |
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| (adverb) without shoes on | Synonyms: barefoot |
| bereft | (adjective) sorrowful through loss or deprivation | Synonyms: bereaved, grief-stricken, grieving, mourning, sorrowing |
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| (adjective) unhappy in love; suffering from unrequited love | Synonyms: lovelorn, unbeloved |
| birefringence | (noun) splitting a ray into two parallel rays polarized perpendicularly | Synonyms: double refraction |
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| birefringent | (adjective) relating to or characterized by double refraction | - |
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| carefree | (adjective) cheerfully irresponsible | Synonyms: devil-may-care, freewheeling, happy-go-lucky, harum-scarum, slaphappy |
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| (adjective) free of trouble and worry and care | Synonyms: unworried |
| carefreeness | (noun) the trait of being without worry or responsibility | - |
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| (noun) the cheerful feeling you have when nothing is troubling you | Synonyms: insouciance, lightheartedness, lightsomeness |
| careful | (adjective) exercising caution or showing care or attention | - |
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| (adjective) cautiously attentive | Synonyms: heedful |
| (adjective) mindful of the future in spending money | Synonyms: thrifty |
| (adjective) full of cares or anxiety | - |
| (adjective) unhurried and with care and dignity | Synonyms: deliberate, measured |
| carefully | (adverb) taking care or paying attention | - |
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| (adverb) as if with kid gloves; with caution or prudence or tact | Synonyms: cautiously, with kid gloves |
| carefulness | (noun) the quality of being careful and painstaking | - |
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| (noun) the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger | Synonyms: caution, cautiousness |
| carrefour | (noun) a junction where one street or road crosses another | Synonyms: crossing, crossroad, crossway, intersection |
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| centrefold | (noun) a magazine center spread; especially a foldout of a large photograph or map or other feature | Synonyms: centerfold |
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| coreference | (noun) the grammatical relation between two words that have a common referent | - |
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| coreferent | (adjective) related by sharing a symbolic link to a concrete object or an abstraction | - |
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| coreferential | (adjective) relating to coreference | Synonyms: co-referent |
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| counterreformation | (noun) a reformation intended to counter the results of a prior reformation | - |
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| direful | (adjective) causing fear or dread or terror | Synonyms: awful, dire, dread, dreaded, dreadful, fearful, fearsome, frightening, horrendous, horrific, terrible |
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| direfully | (adverb) in a direful manner | - |
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| firefighter | (noun) a member of a fire department who tries to extinguish fires | Synonyms: fire-eater, fire fighter, fireman |
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| firefly | (noun) nocturnal beetle common in warm regions having luminescent abdominal organs | Synonyms: lightning bug |
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| (noun) tropical American click beetle having bright luminous spots | Synonyms: fire beetle, Pyrophorus noctiluca |
| forefather | (noun) the founder of a family | Synonyms: father, sire |
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| (noun) person from an earlier time who contributed to the tradition shared by some group | - |
| forefend | (verb) prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening; to protect from or to keep away anything undesirable; to ward off | Synonyms: avert, avoid, debar, deflect, fend off, forfend, head off, obviate, stave off, ward off |
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| forefinger | (noun) the finger next to the thumb | Synonyms: index, index finger |
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| forefoot | (noun) a front foot of a quadruped | - |
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| forefront | (noun) the position of greatest importance or advancement; the leading position in any movement or field | Synonyms: cutting edge, vanguard |
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| (noun) the part in the front or nearest the viewer | Synonyms: head |
| interreflection | (noun) reciprocal reflection between two reflecting surfaces | - |
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| ireful | (adjective) feeling or showing extreme anger | Synonyms: irate |
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| irrefutable | (adjective) impossible to deny or disprove | Synonyms: incontrovertible, positive |
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| lyreflower | (noun) garden plant having deep-pink drooping heart-shaped flowers | Synonyms: bleeding heart, Dicentra spectabilis, lyre-flower |
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| nonreflecting | (adjective) not capable of physical reflection | Synonyms: nonreflective |
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| nonreflective | (adjective) not capable of physical reflection | Synonyms: nonreflecting |
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| overcareful | (adjective) excessively or unduly careful | Synonyms: too-careful |
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| overrefine | (verb) refine too much or with excess of subtlety | Synonyms: over-refine |
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| overrefined | (adjective) excessively delicate or refined | Synonyms: superfine |
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| overrefinement | (noun) the act of distorting something so it seems to mean something it was not intended to mean | Synonyms: distortion, straining, torture, twisting |
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| prefab | (adjective) manufactured in standard sizes to be shipped and assembled elsewhere | - |
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| (noun) a prefabricated structure | - |
| prefabricate | (verb) to manufacture sections of (a building), especially in a factory, so that they can be easily transported to and rapidly assembled on a building site of buildings | Synonyms: preassemble |
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| (verb) produce synthetically, artificially, or stereotypically and unoriginally | - |
| prefabrication | (noun) the manufacture of sections of a building at the factory so they can be easily and rapidly assembled at the building site | - |
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| preface | (noun) a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book | Synonyms: foreword, prolusion |
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| (verb) furnish with a preface or introduction | Synonyms: introduce, precede, premise |
| prefaded | (adjective) (of fabric or clothing) having been given a faded (weathered) appearance by artificial means | - |
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| prefatorial | (adjective) serving as an introduction or preface | Synonyms: introductory, prefatory |
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| prefatory | (adjective) serving as an introduction or preface | Synonyms: introductory, prefatorial |
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| prefect | (noun) a chief officer or chief magistrate | - |
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| prefectural | (adjective) of or relating to a prefecture | - |
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| prefecture | (noun) the office of prefect | - |
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| (noun) the district administered by a prefect (as in France or Japan or the Roman Empire) | - |
| prefer | (verb) select as an alternative over another | Synonyms: choose, opt |
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| (verb) like better; value more highly | - |
| (verb) promote over another | Synonyms: favor, favour |
| (verb) give preference to one creditor over another | - |
| preferable | (adjective) more desirable than another | Synonyms: preferred |
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| preferably | (adverb) more readily or willingly | Synonyms: rather, sooner |
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| preference | (noun) grant of favor or advantage to one over another (especially to a country or countries in matters of international trade, such as levying duties) | - |
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| (noun) the right or chance to choose | Synonyms: druthers |
| (noun) a predisposition in favor of something | Synonyms: orientation, predilection |
| (noun) a strong liking | Synonyms: penchant, predilection, taste |
| preferent | (adjective) preferred above all others and treated with partiality | Synonyms: best-loved, favored, favorite, favoured, favourite, pet, preferred |
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| preferential | (adjective) manifesting partiality | Synonyms: discriminatory |
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| preferentially | (adverb) in a preferential manner | - |
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| preferment | (noun) the act of preferring | - |
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| (noun) the act of making accusations | - |
| preferred | (adjective) more desirable than another | Synonyms: preferable |
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| (adjective) preferred above all others and treated with partiality | Synonyms: best-loved, favored, favorite, favoured, favourite, pet, preferent |
| prefiguration | (noun) the act of providing vague advance indications; representing beforehand | Synonyms: adumbration, foreshadowing |
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| (noun) an example that prefigures or foreshadows what is to come | - |
| prefigurative | (adjective) indistinctly prophetic | Synonyms: adumbrative, foreshadowing |
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| prefigure | (verb) indicate, as with a sign or an omen | Synonyms: augur, auspicate, betoken, bode, forecast, foreshadow, foretell, omen, portend, predict, presage, prognosticate |
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| (verb) imagine or consider beforehand | - |
| prefix | (noun) an affix that is added in front of the word | - |
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| (verb) attach a prefix to | - |
| prefixation | (noun) formation of a word by means of a prefix | - |
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| preform | (verb) form or shape beforehand or determine the shape of beforehand | - |
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| (verb) form into a shape resembling the final, desired one | - |
| preformation | (noun) a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell | Synonyms: theory of preformation |
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| prefrontal | (adjective) anterior to a frontal structure | - |
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| putrefacient | (adjective) causing or promoting bacterial putrefaction | Synonyms: putrefactive |
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| putrefaction | (noun) moral perversion; impairment of virtue and moral principles | Synonyms: corruption, degeneracy, depravation, depravity |
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| (noun) (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action | Synonyms: breakdown, decomposition, rot, rotting |
| (noun) a state of decay usually accompanied by an offensive odor | Synonyms: rot |
| putrefactive | (adjective) causing or promoting bacterial putrefaction | Synonyms: putrefacient |
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| putrefiable | (adjective) liable to decay or spoil or become putrid | Synonyms: decayable, putrescible, spoilable |
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| putrefy | (verb) become putrid; decay with an offensive smell | - |
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| rarefaction | (noun) a decrease in the density of something | - |
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| rarefied | (adjective) of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style | Synonyms: elevated, exalted, grand, high-flown, high-minded, idealistic, lofty, noble-minded, rarified, sublime |
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| (adjective) having low density | Synonyms: rare, rarified |
| rarefy | (verb) weaken the consistency of (a chemical substance) | Synonyms: attenuate |
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| (verb) make more subtle or refined | Synonyms: sublimate, subtilize |
| (verb) lessen the density or solidity of | - |
| ref | (noun) (sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play | Synonyms: referee |
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| refabrication | (noun) assembling again | Synonyms: reassembly |
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| reface | (verb) put a new facing on (a garment) | - |
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| (verb) provide with a new facing | - |
| refashion | (verb) make new | Synonyms: make over, redo, remake |
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| refection | (noun) a light meal or repast | - |
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| refectory | (noun) a communal dining-hall (usually in a monastery) | - |
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| refer | (verb) think of, regard, or classify under a subsuming principle or with a general group or in relation to another | - |
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| (verb) have as a meaning | Synonyms: denote |
| (verb) make reference to | Synonyms: advert, bring up, cite, mention, name |
| (verb) use a name to designate | - |
| (verb) seek information from | Synonyms: consult, look up |
| (verb) send or direct for treatment, information, or a decision | - |
| (verb) be relevant to | Synonyms: bear on, come to, concern, have to do with, pertain, relate, touch, touch on |
| referable | (adjective) capable of being assigned or credited to | Synonyms: ascribable, due, imputable |
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| referee | (noun) (sports) the chief official (as in boxing or American football) who is expected to ensure fair play | Synonyms: ref |
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| (noun) someone who reads manuscripts and judges their suitability for publication | Synonyms: reader, reviewer |
| (noun) an attorney appointed by a court to investigate and report on a case | - |
| (verb) evaluate professionally a colleague's work | Synonyms: peer review |
| (verb) be a referee or umpire in a sports competition | Synonyms: umpire |
| refereeing | (noun) the act of umpiring | Synonyms: officiating, officiation, umpirage |
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| reference | (noun) the act of referring or consulting | Synonyms: consultation |
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| (noun) the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to | Synonyms: denotation, extension |
| (noun) the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to | - |
| (noun) a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability | Synonyms: character, character reference |
| (noun) a remark that calls attention to something or someone | Synonyms: mention |
| (noun) a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage | Synonyms: acknowledgment, citation, cite, credit, mention, quotation |
| (noun) a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts | Synonyms: book of facts, reference book, reference work |
| (noun) an indicator that orients you generally | Synonyms: point of reference, reference point |
| (noun) a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to | Synonyms: source |
| (noun) (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored | Synonyms: address, computer address |
| (verb) refer to | Synonyms: cite |
| referenced | (adjective) supported with written references or citations | - |
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| referendum | (noun) a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate | - |
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| referent | (adjective) having reference | - |
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| (noun) something referred to; the object of a reference | - |
| (noun) the first term in a proposition; the term to which other terms relate | - |
| (noun) something that refers; a term that refers to another term | - |
| referential | (adjective) referring or pointing to something | - |
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| referral | (noun) the act of referring (as forwarding an applicant for employment or referring a matter to an appropriate agency) | - |
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| (noun) a recommendation to consult the (professional) person or group to whom one has been referred | - |
| (noun) a person whose case has been referred to a specialist or professional group | - |
| refill | (noun) a commercial product that refills a container with its appropriate contents | - |
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| (noun) a prescription drug that is provided again | - |
| (verb) fill something that had previously been emptied | Synonyms: fill again, replenish |
| refilling | (noun) filling again by supplying what has been used up | Synonyms: renewal, replacement, replenishment |
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| refinance | (verb) renew the financing of | - |
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| refine | (verb) reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; separate from extraneous matter or cleanse from impurities | Synonyms: rectify |
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| (verb) improve or perfect by pruning or polishing | Synonyms: down, fine-tune, polish |
| (verb) treat or prepare so as to put in a usable condition | - |
| (verb) attenuate or reduce in vigor, strength, or intensity by polishing or purifying | - |
| (verb) make more precise or increase the discriminatory powers of | - |
| (verb) make more complex, intricate, or richer | Synonyms: complicate, elaborate, rarify |
| refined | (adjective) (used of persons and their behavior) cultivated and genteel | - |
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| (adjective) freed from impurities by processing | Synonyms: processed |
| (adjective) suggesting taste, ease, and wealth | Synonyms: elegant, graceful |
| (adjective) precise to a fine degree | - |
| (adjective) showing a high degree of refinement and the assurance that comes from wide social experience | Synonyms: polished, urbane |
| refinement | (noun) the quality of excellence in thought and manners and taste | Synonyms: civilisation, civilization |
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| (noun) a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude | Synonyms: nicety, nuance, shade, subtlety |
| (noun) the result of improving something | Synonyms: elaboration |
| (noun) the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.) | Synonyms: purification, refining |
| (noun) a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality | Synonyms: cultivation, culture, finish, polish |
| refiner | (noun) one whose work is to refine a specific thing | - |
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| refinery | (noun) an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance | - |
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| refining | (noun) the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.) | Synonyms: purification, refinement |
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| refinish | (verb) give a new surface | - |
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